Pay attention to the arrangement of speakers: Discussion on the principle and method of placement
/音箱布置有讲究：摆放原则与方法探讨
Pay attention to the arrangement of speakers: Discussion on the principle and method of placement
2020-04-291892
There are different ways to arrange the speakers in different conditions and situations. Only by following the principles can we get the ideal sound effect.
Principle of placing direct full frequency speakers
The direct sound box is a sound box that radiates directly from the outside. It mainly depends on the radiation characteristics of sound waves, so that the speaker can send sound energy directly to the space. The bass radiation angle of the straight line speaker is larger than that of the high one. If the speaker is placed on the ground directly and the bass is reflected, it will be transmitted to the listener. Because the distance of the direct sound emitted by the speaker is shorter than the distance of the reflected sound, the direct sound of the speaker's bass will reach the ear first, and the reflected sound will reach the ear later, and the bass will "come first and come later" Phenomenon, resulting in bass ghosting. Therefore, it's better not to place the direct sound box directly on the ground or close to the corner of the wall. Use a metal frame to pad the sound box above 1000px. The arrangement is more than 1000px from the side wall and more than 500px from the back wall. At this time, the sound box is far away from the reflection interface, and the bass reflection sound will be significantly reduced. Or when the floor in front of the speaker is a strong reflective material (hard and smooth material, such as marble floor), if the speaker is directly placed on the floor, the method of laying a sound-absorbing carpet in front of the speaker can be used to absorb the reflected sound of the bass, but the bass cannot be fully absorbed, and there is a small amount of reflection.
Principle of placement of air flow subwoofer
Air flow speaker is a speaker whose sound does not radiate outward directly. It is usually a bass speaker. Modern air flow subwoofer adopts the advanced aerodynamics principle. It makes use of the large amplitude diaphragm vibration which can only be produced by the low voice to realize the strong air flow change. With the help of this air flow change, the transmission of the low voice is strengthened.
The air flow type woofer is relatively free in layout and installation, that is, it can be hung in the air or directly placed on the ground. But generally, the effect will be better when it is placed on the ground. Because the air flow type bass box adopts the way of air flow propagation, its bass has a certain directivity. Even if there is acoustic radiation, the proportion of acoustic radiation is very small, so the reflected sound content after reaching the reflection interface is very small, and the reflected volume of bass is moderate. The subwoofer directly placed on the ground can give full play to the role of the ground, which is equivalent to the extension of the ground as a subwoofer horn. Such a large subwoofer horn makes the sound resistance of the lower frequency sound of the subwoofer more matching, and the bass sounds more thick and full.
The direct sound of the speaker should be fully obtained in the listening area
Direct sound is the sound that directly reaches the listener from the speaker. It does not reflect through the wall, ground and top of the room. There is no acoustic defect caused by the reflection of interior decoration materials on the sound, and it is not affected by the indoor acoustic environment. Therefore, the sound quality is guaranteed and the sound fidelity is high. One of the most important principles in modern interior acoustic design is to make full use of the direct sound from the speaker and control the reflected sound as much as possible.
In the listening area, if the listener can see the whole of all speakers, and is located in the area where all speakers cross radiate together, the direct sound of speakers can be obtained. In general, the speaker hanging is the best way to get direct sound in a room, but sometimes because of the low floor distance and limited space, the speaker hanging may be limited to some extent. If there are conditions, it is better to hang the speaker. Many loudspeakers have a horn pointing angle within 60 degrees, with a large horizontal pointing angle and a small vertical pointing angle. If the listening area is not within the horn pointing angle, the direct sound of the horn cannot be obtained. Therefore, when the loudspeakers are placed horizontally, the axis of the high pitched loudspeaker should be consistent with the horizontal height of the hearer's ear. When the loudspeakers are hung, the inclination should be adjusted To avoid affecting the effect of high pitch listening.
The arrangement of speakers should be symmetrical with the central axis of the room
One of the important requirements of the acoustic characteristics of the hall is to create a uniform sound field, that is, the volume of each position in the sound field should not be too different. If the sound field is not uniform, the consistency of the volume and voice color in the listening area will be poor. Therefore, the requirement for indoor acoustic environment is that the symmetry of the building must be consistent with that of the indoor acoustics, and the speaker should be arranged at the symmetrical position of the central axis of the room. Only by realizing the consistency of architectural symmetry and acoustic symmetry can we provide an ideal, harmonious and symmetrical sound field for the interior.
The volume of the speaker box should be suitable for the volume of the room
When using speakers to play sound in the area, pay attention to whether the volume of the box is suitable for the volume of the room (i.e. the length × width × height of the room). If a large volume of speakers is installed in a very small room, it will not only have a sense of visual disharmony, but also cause some problems in the sound effect. Therefore, it is better to use a small box speaker to play in a small room, and a large room can use a large box speaker to play or multiple speakers combined into an array. In a small room, the potential of a large volume speaker may not be fully exploited, and sometimes the sound quality may not be ideal.
Centralized placement
Centralized placement means that the speakers are symmetrically placed on one side of the performance area in the room. As the speaker is located on one side of the performance area, and the sound comes from the performance area, the sound orientation is exactly the same as the picture orientation, so the audio visual unity can be achieved. Moreover, all speakers are facing the audience area in the direction of the stage, and there is no relative placement of speakers
